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The Cannes Festival (French: ''Festival de Cannes''), named until 2002 as the International Film Festival (''Festival international du film'') and known in English as the Cannes Film Festival, is an annual film festival held in Cannes, France, which previews new films of all genres, including documentaries, from around the world. Founded in 1946, it is considered the most prestigious film festival in the world and is one of the most publicised. The invitation-only festival is held annually (usually in May) at the Palais des Festivals et des Congrès. The 2015 Cannes Film Festival took place between 13–24 May 2015. American film directors Joel Coen and Ethan Coen were the joint Presidents of the Jury. ''Dheepan'', the film directed by French director Jacques Audiard, won the Palme d'Or. On 1 July 2014, co-founder and former head of French pay-TV operator Canal+ Pierre Lescure took over as President of the festival. The Board of Directors also appointed Gilles Jacob as Honorary President of the festival.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Cannes Film Festival Names Pierre Lescure President )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Pierre Lescure elected President of the Festival de Cannes )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= About the Festival : Our Team )〕 ==History== The Cannes Film Festival has its origins in 1932 when Jean Zay, the French Minister of National Education, on the proposal of Philippe Erlanger and with the support of the British and Americans, set up an international cinematographic festival. In 1947, the festival was held as the "Festival du film de Cannes", where films from sixteen countries were presented. At that time the principle of equality was introduced, with a jury made up of only one representative per country.〔(60th Festival of Cannes – Retrospective ) ''Ville de Cannes'' website. (See '' Un concours équitable '')〕 The festival is now held at the ''Palais des Festivals'', expressly constructed for the occasion, although for its 1949 inaugural the roof was unfinished and blew off during a storm. The festival was not held in 1948 and 1950 on account of budgetary problems. Although its origins may be attributed in part to the French desire to compete with Autumn's Venice Film Festival, in 1951 Cannes was moved to spring to avoid a fall clash. In 1955, the Palme d'Or was created, replacing the ''Grand Prix du Festival'' which had been given until that year. In 1957, Dolores del Rio was the first female member of the jury as a Sélection officielle – Member. In 1959, the ''Marché du Film'' (Film Market) was founded, giving the festival a commercial character and facilitating exchanges between sellers and buyers in the film industry. Today it has become the first international platform for film commerce.〔(Festival History ) Cannes Festival official website〕 In 1962, the International Critics' Week was born, created by the French Union of Film Critics as the first parallel section of the Cannes Film Festival. Its goal was to showcase first and second works by directors from all over the world, not succumbing to commercial tendencies.〔(About the ICW ) International Critics' Week website.〕 In 1965, an hommage was paid to Jean Cocteau after his death, and he was named Honorary President for life. The next year, Olivia de Havilland was named the first female president of the festival. The 1968 festival was halted on 19 May. Some directors, such as Carlos Saura and Miloš Forman, had withdrawn their films from the competition. On 18 May, filmmaker Louis Malle along with a group of directors took over the large room of the ''Palais'' and interrupted the projections in solidarity with students and labour on strike throughout France,〔(1968 Cannes Festival ) Cannes-fest.com archive〕 and in protest to the eviction of the then President of the Cinémathèque Française. The filmmakers achieved the reinstatement of the President, and they founded the Film Directors' Society (SRF) that same year.〔(History of the Directors' Fortnight. 1968. ) Directors' Fortnight website〕 In 1969, the SRF, led by Pierre-Henri Deleau created the Directors' Fortnight, a new non-competitive section that programs a selection of films from around the world, distinguished by the independent judgment displayed in the choice of films.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Directors' Fortnight Presentation )〕 During the 1970s, important changes occurred in the Festival. In 1972, Robert Favre Le Bret was named the new President, and Maurice Bessy the managing director. He immediately introduced an important change in the selection of the participating films. Until that date, the different countries chose which films would represent them in the festival. Bessy created one committee to select French films, and another for foreign films.〔(1972 Cannes Festival ) Cannes-fest.com archive〕 In 1978, Gilles Jacob assumed the President position, introducing the Caméra d'Or award and the Un Certain Regard section. Other changes were the decrease of length of the festival down to thirteen days, thus reducing the number of selected films; also, until that point the Jury was composed by Film Academics, and Jacob started to introduce celebrities and professionals from the film industry.〔(1978 Cannes Festival ) Cannes-fest.com archive〕 In 1983, a new, much bigger Palais des Festivals et des Congrès was built to host the Festival. It was nicknamed "The Bunker" and provoked many reactions against it.〔(1983 Cannes Festival ) Cannes-fest.com archive〕 In 1984, Pierre Viot replaced Robert Favre Le Bret as President of the Festival. It was not until 1995 that Gilles Jacob created the last section of the Official Selection: la Cinéfondation. Its aim was to support the creation of works of cinema in the world and to contribute to the entry of the new scenario writers in the circle of the celebrities.〔(La Sélection ) Cinéfondation website〕 The Cinéfondation was completed in 2000 with ''La Résidence'' and in 2005 ''L'Atelier''. The Festival's Honorary President, Gilles Jacob, was appointed in 2000, and in 2002 the Festival officially adopted the name ''Festival de Cannes''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cannes Film Festival」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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